The decision to replant an oil palm plantation is based on:
1. The value of ffb is less than the costs.
2. The difficulties of harvesting tall palm trees.

Replanting

Replanting Model:

Oil palm replanting can be done by
1. Individual Smallholders
2. Group of Smallholders.

Individual Smallholders:
1. Total Replanting
2. Underplanting
3. Replanting with Intercropping

Group of Smallholders:
1. Total Group Replanting
2. Step-by-step in Group Replanting

Total Replanting
Total replanting is conducted by changing all palm trees with new palm trees in a plantation. Farmer will not have any income during the grass period until palm trees can be harvested.

Under-planting
Under-planting is conducted by cutting half (50 percent) of old palm trees by new plant materials in the first year. Then, the rest (50 percent) will be replant in the second year.

Replanting with intercropping
Replanting is implemented to all palm trees and during the grass period (1-3 years) before harvesting farmers can grows various food crops such as maize, soybean, vegetables, and other seasonal crops.

Total Replanting in Group of Smallholders
A number of smallholders establish a group of smallholders to replant all of their plantation. The group can grow food crops in their plantation during grass periode (1-3 years) before palm trees can be harvested. However, the group may have other activities together in separate land to generate income during the grass period, for example, poultry, cows, fish pond, and food crops.

Step-by-step replanting in Group of Smallholders
Replanting is implemented step-by-step until all the plantation can be replanted. All revenue from non-replanting plantation will be distributed equally to each members of the groups until the process of replanting completed.

Activities during replanting (Grasperiod):
– Ayam kampong super
– Belut air jernih
– Buah Naga
– Cabe
– Jagung
– Kacang panjang
– Kedelai
– Lele
– Melon/semangka
– Pepaya
– Sapi potong
– Tebu
– Terong
– Ubi Ungu

 

Source:

Corley, R.H.V. and P.B. Tinker. 2003. The Oil Palm. Fourth Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Fairhurst, Thomas and Rolf Härdter. 2003. Oil Palm: Management for Large and Sustainable Yields. Potash & Phosphate Institute (PPI), Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC) and International Potash Institute (IPI).

Fauzi, Yan, Yustina E. Widyastuti, Iman Satyawibawa, dan Rudi H. Paeru. 2012. Kelapa Sawit. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. p.236.

Hakim, Memet. 2013. Kelapa Sawit: Teknis Agronomis & Manajemen. Media Perkebunan, Jakarta. p.377.

Pahan, Iyung. 2012. Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit: Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu hingga Hilir. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. p.411.

Pardamean, Maruli. 2011. Cara Cerdas Mengelola Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.

Rafiq, Rukaiyah, Asri Jon Tanjung, Jalal Sayuti, Endy Prihartono, dan Sahadi. 2010. Buku Saku Pendampingan dan Pemberdayaan Petani Mandiri Menuju Kehidupan Berkelanjutan. “Catatan Pengalaman Pendampingan Petani Kelapa Sawit Mandiri/Swadaya di Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi”. Dinas Provinsi Jambi. p.53.

Rankine, Ian and Fairhurst, Thomas. Nursery. Field Handbook. Oil Palm Series. Volume 1. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada, East & Southest Asia Programs, Singapore.

Rankine, Ian and Fairhurst, Thomas. Mature. Field Handbook. Oil Palm Series. Volume 3. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada, East & Southest Asia Programs, Singapore.

Rankine, Ian and Fairhurst, Thomas. Immature. Field Handbook. Oil Palm Series. Volume 2. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada, East & Southest Asia Programs, Singapore.

Suwarto dan Yuke Octavianty. 2010. Budidaya 12 Tanaman Perkebunan Unggulan. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. p.260.

Vermeulen, S. (2008). Chain-wide learning for inclusive agrifood market development.

 

Other references:

  • Clay, J. W. (2004). World agriculture and the environment: A commodity-by-commodity guide to impacts and practices. USA: World Wildlife Fund.
  • Fairhurst, T., & McLaughlin, D. (2009). Sustainable Oil Palm Development on Degraded Land in Kalimantan. Washington, DC USA: World Wildlife Fund.
  • Focus on Finance News. (2001). “Dutch banks commit to forest conservation.”. Retrieved from http://www.Forest.org website:
  • Garrity, D. P., Soekardi, M., Van Noordwijk, M., de la Cruz, R., Pathak, P. S., Bunasena, H. P. M., Majid, N. M. (1997). The Imperata Grasslands of Tropical Asia: Area, Distribution, and Typology. In D. P. Garrity (Ed.), Agroforestry Innovations for Imperata Grassland Rehabilitation. (pp. 3-29). Dordrecht: Kluer Academic Publishers.
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  • Kartawinata, K., Riswan, S., Gintings, A. N., & Puspitojati, T. (2001). An overview of post-extraction secondary forests in Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 13, 621-638.
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  • Rowell, A., & Moore, P. F. (2000). “Global review of forest fires”: WWF International & The World Conservation Union (IUCN).
  • RSPO. (2007). RSPO Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil.
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  • RSPO. (2010). RSPO Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production: Guidance for Independent Smallholders under Group Certification. Jakarta: RSPO Task Force on Smallholders.
  • Stern, N. (2006). Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change. Cambridge, UK.: Cambridge University Press.
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References (PPKS Booklets):

Darmosarkoro, Witjaksana, M. Lukman Fadli, and Akiyat. 2004. Kelainan-kelainan pada Kelapa Sawit: Kecambah, Pre-Nursery, dan Main Nursery. Buku 1. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Darmosarkoro, Witjaksana, Iman Yani Harahap and M. Lukman Fadli. 2004. Kelainan-kelainan pada Kelapa Sawit: Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan dan Tanaman Menghasilkan. Buku 2. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Darmosarkoro, Witjaksana, Edy Sigit Sutarta, Sugiyono, Nuzul Hijri Darlan, and Hasril Hasan siregar. 2005. Peningkatan Efectivitas Pemupukan Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Edy, R. Purnomo, Sriwijaya, Agus Susanto, Edy Sigit Sutarta, Iman Yani Harahap, Azhar Fadillah Lubis, Agus Eko Prasetyo, and Ahmad P. Dongoran. 2007. Mucuna Bracteata sebagai Tanaman Pengendali Gulma: Perbanyakannya dengan Stek dan Biji di Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Erningpraja, Luqman, and Darnoko. 2005. Pengelolaan Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Ramah Lingkungan. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Fadli, M. Lukman, Edy Sigit Sutarta, Petrus Purba, Sugiyono, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, and Eko Noviandi Ginting. 2006. Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Gambut. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Fadli, M. Lukman, Edy Sigit Sutarta, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, Petrus Purba, Eko Novianding Ginting. 2006. Panen pada Tanaman Kelapa sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Harahap, Iman Yani, Yusran Pangaribuan, Hasril Hasan Siregar, and Eka Listia. 2005. Lingkungan Fisik Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Nurkhoiry, Ratnawati, Teguh Wahyono, Ambar Kurniawan, Iman Yani Harahap, and Arsyad D. Koedadiri. 2006. Pedoman Norma Kerja Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Mineral: Pembukaan Lahan, Pembibitan, dan Penanaman. Buku 1. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Nurkhoiry, Ratnawati, Teguh Wahyono, Ambar Kurniawan, Iman Yani Harahap, and Arsyad D. Koedadiri. 2006. Pedoman Norma Kerja Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Mineral: Pemeliharaan TBM, Pemeliharaan TM, dan panen. Buku 2. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Prawirosukarto, Sudharto, Endang Syamsuddin, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, dan Amir Purba. 2005. Tanaman Penutup Tanah dan Gulma pada Kebun Kelapa Sawit. Buku I. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Prawirosukarto, Sudharto, Endang Syamsuddin, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, dan Amir Purba. 2005. Tanaman Penutup Tanah dan Gulma pada Kebun Kelapa Sawit. Buku II. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Purba, Abdul Razak, Edy Suprianto, Yurna Yenni, Sujadi, Nanang Supena. 2005. Karakteristik Bahan Tanaman Unggul PPKS dan Pola Pengelompokannya di Pembibitan. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Purba, Petrus, Edy Sigit Sutarta, M. Lukman Fadli, Arsyad D. Koedadiri, Suroso Rahutomo, and Agus Susanto. 2005. Pemeliharaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Belum Menghasilkan. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Purba, Rolettha Y., Agus Susanto, and Sudharto Prawirosukarto. 2005. Hama-hama pada Kelapa Sawit: Serangga Hama pada Kelapa Sawit. Buku 1. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Purba, Petrus, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, M. Lukman Fadli, Edi Sigit Sutarta, Sugiyono, and Dhimas Wiratmoko. 2006. Pembukaan Lahan dan Penanaman Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Siregar, Hasril Hasan, Endang Syamsuddin, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, and Nuzul Hijri Darlan. 2005. Kebakaran dan Asap pada Lahan Kelapa sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Siregar, Hasril Hasan, Nuzul Hijri Darlan, Taufik Caesar Hidayat, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, and Iman Yani Harahap. 2006. Hujan sebagai Faktor Penting untuk Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Siregar, Hasril hasan, Iman Yani Harahap, Witjaksana Darmosarkoro, Edy Sigit Sutarta, and Endang Syamsuddin. 2005. Antisipasi dan Penanggulangan Pengaruh Kekeringan pada Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Susanto, Agus, Sudharto Prawirosukarto, and Fahrida Yanti. 2005. Konservasi dan Perbanyakan Musuh Alami Hama, Penyakit, dan Gulma Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Susanto, Agus, Rolettha Y. Purba, and Sudharto Praworosukarto. 2005. Hama-hama pada Kelapa Sawit: Hama-hama Vertebrata Kelapa Sawit. Buku 2. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Susanto, Agus, Rolettha Y. Purba, and Agus Eko Prasetyo. 2007. Elaeidobius Kamerunicus: Serangga Penyerbuk Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Susanto, Agus, Relettha Y. Purba, Ahmad P. Dongoran, Azhar Fadillah Lubis, and Agus Eko Prasetyo. 2008. Pestisida di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Sutarta, Edy Sigit, Petrus Purba, Amir Purba, B.H. Sitanggang, and Nuzul Hijri Darlan. 2005. Pemeliharaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menghasilkan. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Winarma, Edy Sigit Sutarta, and Sugiyono. 2005. Pedoman Pengambilan Contoh Daun dan Tanah pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Winarma, Eko Novianding Ginging, Edy Sigit Sutarta, and Petrus Purba. 2005. Teknik Pengawetan Tanah dan Air di Perkebunan Kelapa.