Abstract

Abstract (Grossman, 2015):
– Make abstract informative
– Single/multiple paragraphs or structured
– Be clear, specific, concise, and coherent
– 200-250 words (2,500 ks)
– Do not use probability levels (e.g. P<0.05)
– Write abstract at last (method: copy and paste)
– Ensures consistent style and organization
– No contradiction between text and abstract
– Avoid abbreviation
– No reference
– No reference to tables or figures

Writing abstract (Grossman, 2015):
– Start with motivation (If space allows)
– State objective, aim, or purpose
– Describe essential materials & methods
– Summarize important results
– End with important conclusions and impacts

Note:
– Indicative or Informative (Grossman, 2015):
– Indicative (indicates objectives and suggest results of the research)
– Informative (states objectives, summarizes methods, results, and supports)

 
Source:
Grossman, Mike. 2015. Techniques for Writing and Presenting a Scientific Paper. PhD Course Material at Wageningen Graduate Schools, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.

Teunisse, Fulco. 2015. The Essentials of Scientific Writing and Presenting. PhD Course Material at Wageningen Unversity, The Netherlands.

Smakman, Dick. 2015. The Essentials of Scientific Writing and Presenting. PhD Course Material at Wageningen Unversity, The Netherlands.